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Document type in Latex↓
Document Class Document Classes Comparison Document Classes Options
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Document Class
Documents written with LaTeX can be interpreted in different classes, which are standard formats for some types of documents. The first command determines the global processing format for the entire document. Its syntax is:

\documentclass [option] {class}
\documentclass [option1, option2, etc.] {class}

The \documentclass command takes an argument (class), which describe the type of document Where some value of class must be given, while [options] may be omitted if default values are acceptable.
The most common classes are: There are many other non-standard classes for the most diverse documents: there are memos (which allows a lot of freedom in customizing the document), topsis and suftesi (for thesis and doctoral thesis) and beamer for presentations.
Article
Article is the most common class as well as the most flexible.

CODE
\documentclass{article}
\title{Hello World}
\date{November 9, 2018}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
Hello world, content

\end{document}
Book
If you want to make a book, this class will give you all you need.

CODE
\documentclass{book}
\title{Hello World}
\date{November 9, 2018}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\end{document}
Report
You can use report class for reports.

CODE
\documentclass{report}
\title{Hello World}
\date{November 9, 2018}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\end{document}
Letter
Letter class is used for all kinds of letter document.

CODE
\documentclass {letter}
\signature {Mr Smith}
\address {Fox Books,\\ Times Square, NYC.}

\begin{document}

\begin{letter} {Bobbo Vieri,\\ Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, \\6900 Lugano,
\opening{Dear Bob}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
\closing{Yours truly,}
\end{letter}

\end{document}